Types of Reactions

***Remember to balance!!!***

This stuff again? We covered that ages ago.
I KNOW WE DID!
BUT there is a little more to it this time.

First of all lets go over the 6 types of reactions.
Sythesis, Decomposition, Single Replacement, Double replacement, Combustion and Neutralization

Synthesis
This type of reaction combines 2 or more rectants to form a product

A + B ---> C

2Fe + 1O2 ----> 2FeO

Decomposition
This reaction breaks down a reactant into two or more products.

A ----> B + C

2FeO ---> 2Fe + 1O2

Singple Replacement
This reactions replaces the ion in an ionic compound.. Metal elements replace positive ions and Non-metal elements replace negative ions.

For Metals                                                      For Non-Metals
A + BC ----> B + AC                                       A+BC ---> C +BA

Ba + Ca(NO3)2 ---> Ca + Ba(NO3)2                     

Now for the extra thing I was talking about.

We are going to add something to spice up our equations.

Activity Series

The activity series is a chart which tells how reactive a metal or a a non-metal is.

The element higher up on the series replaces the ion below it on the table.

Here is what it looks like

*Note* There are more metals and non-metals that could be placed on this chart.

                                                                Reactive?

E.G. 2Li + MgCl2 ----> 2LiCl + Mg            YES

For more info please visit these following websites:

http://chemistry.about.com/od/chartstables/a/Activity-Series-Of-Metals.htm

http://www.chemistryexplained.com/Ce-Co/Chemical-Reactions.html

Balancing formulas and other stuff

AS USUAL I GET THE HARD BLOG AGAIN....anyways today we learned about balancing formulas

First of all before you go balancing and telling everyone your a pro at it, we should remember something we learned.  In the equation we have 2 sides.  We HAVE to make it equal or else its entirely bs.  Why you may ask? Because according to the law of conservation matter is never evar destroyed evar.

ok lets get to the learning...or review....mostly review.  Anyway  to balance the equation you must make sure that all the atoms on one side equals the number of atoms on the other side.  There is no cleverly developed way to do this.  The way to do this is by your preference.  I, however like to balance whole groups first (eg OH, SO4, CO2) then balance the atoms in their elemental form (eg O2, K, P4).  Then CHECK CHECK CHECK to make sure both sides are balanced or else you messed up and have to waste over 10 minutes to do it again HAH!  Ms.Chen said i didnt have to go into super tryhard details since this is review so this will have to do, to jog your memories kthxbai.



note how both sides equal to each other.  He added a 2 to H2 on the left side and added a 2 to H20 on the right side



Molar Volume of a Gas at STP

Sup, followers... or follower. Happy New Year and the like.

Pro Tip: When you read a word that is not actually a word and is in all CAPS it is usually an acronym.

SO WHAT COULD STP STAND FOR?

• Scalar triple product
• Sewage treatment plant
• Shielded Twisted Pair
• Shovel test pit
• Signal Transfer Point
• Sodium tripolyphosphate
• South Texas Nuclear Generating Station
• Space Test Program
• Spanning tree protocol
• Steiner tree problem
• Strategic Technology Plan
• Standard Temperature and Pressure

ALL WRONG

except for the last one, that one is correct

Standard Temperature and Pressure are measurements of temperature and pressure that are common in most experiments to allow easier comparison and contrast between different experiments. We want to keep these measurements the same because gases contract and expand as these measurements differentiate.

These measurements are  

Temperature: 0 °C (273.15 K, 32 °F)

Pressure: 1 At the Moment (atm)...............................................................atmosphere

Also: at STP, 1 mole of gas will have a volume of 22.4L

SO WITH ALL OF THAT SAID: MOLE CONVERSION TIME!!!!!!!!!

as with any mole conversion, we need conversion factors!

If 22.4L = 1 mole THEN:

22.4L/1mole OR 1mole/22.4L

Example Question:

Calculate how many moles of NH3 are in 5.6L of gas at STP

(5.6L of gas)(1 mole NH3/22.4L of gas)

L of gas cancel out

(5.6/22.4)moles of NH3

0.25 moles of NH3

dude with some what seems like a Beta version of MS paint teaches you about STP

Diluting Solutions to Prepare Workable Solutions

Concentration is the amount of a substance that exists in a given volume of a solution. And we humans can lessen the concentration of a substance by diluting it. OMG wow so cool.

Wait, what is diluting you ask? This is the process of making a liquid thinner or weaker by adding water or another solvent into it.
Here is a picture of dilution                                            

As more solvent is added to each test tube, the solvent starts to get weaker or thinner.








You might say "We learned this already come on man/woman."

BUT WAIT IM NOT DONE YET MY PUPILS. This leads to the important part of this chapter.

The equation:  moles solute before = moles solute after.

WHATTTT???

In terms of molarity and volume: M1L1 = M2L2

*Note* Subscrite 1 means before and the subscript 2 means after

Here is an example :  Ex.  What volume of 8.00 M of HCl is used to make up 2.00L of 0.500 HCl

REMEMBER TO USE THE EQUATION

L1 = M2 x L2                     L1 = 0.500M x 2.00L
        -----------                  -----------------        =          0.125 L
             M2                               8.00 M

If you still do not understand,check out this website below.
http://www.ausetute.com.au/dilucalc.html

It is happy new year with a touch of MOLARITY

hmm So what is Molarity???? To be honest I don't know :X. Jokes Molarity is the amount of solute dissolved in what ever volume of Solution 

okay? so What is Solute and Solution? HMMM as we were told this was once written into our brains a while ago and since our mind have always being written into since grade 1 most of the stuff that was ever written is erased so it makes perfect sense that no one remembers what solute and solution means. Okay enough random talking lets get to the real stuff so hmm what is solute and solution? Solute is the THING that is BEING DISSOLVED and Solution is THE THING THAT IS DISSOLVING THE SOLUTE (yes solution is all caps because it is cool that way unlike Johnny(FACT)) jokes

The Formula ahh math again...

 Nothing out of the normal 

Molarity = Moles of Solute(mole)/Volume of Solution (L)

M = mol/L  SEE WHY mole isn't M but the lame abbreviation of mol since Molarity decided to steal it..

okay the fun examples now 

4 grams (C12H22O11) is dissolved in a 350 ml teacup. What is the molarity of the sugar solution?

First step

C12H22O11= C(12)(12) + H(1)(22) + O(16)(11)
C12H22O11= 144 + 22+ 176
C12H22O11= 342 g/mol

4 g/(342 g/mol) = 0.0117 mol

350 ml x (1L/1000 ml) = 0.350 L

and the final step 

0.0117/0.35 = 0.033 mol/L

ahh that was lots of typing T T

Okay second question

How many moles of salt are contained
in 300 mL of a 0.40 M NaCl solution?

0.300 L x 0.40 moles NaCl
               1.00 L                 = 0.12 moles NaCl

Third question

15grams of salt with a molarity of 0.458M what is the volume of salt?

Atomic mass of NaCl is 58.5g/mole

15G x 1 mole/ 58.5g = 0.256410 moles

0.256410/0.458 = 0.56 Ml

okay a little game that i found using Molarity

• Materials Needed:
• computer
• projector
• molarity slides
• periodic table
• notes
• wordbank

• Procedure:
• Opener:
1. Review with students the formulas for molar mass (atomic mass = 1 mole), molecules (6.02 x 10^23 molecules = 1 mole), molarity (mole/liter), and toxicity (weight in kg * LD50).
• Development:
1. Divide class into 2 teams.
2. Show the 5 categories. Explain that higher point questions are harder.
3. Explain that each team must elect a captain, who will be the person to give the final answer.
4. Explain that team 1 will choose a question to answer. Team 2 must also prepare to answer the question in case team 1 gives an incorrect answer. The team with the most points wins!
• Closure:
1. Suggestion: offer extra credit or free homework grade to the winners (although no incentive was necessary for a heated competition!).