As you may recall, in our previous class, we did a lab. This class was basically split in to 2 sections. First we continued with our lab report and write up. My partner and I ran around the class looking for two other groups to compare with. Eventually, Ms. Chen stopped the absolute madness and commenced the lesson.

Writing and Naming Ionic and Covalent Bonds!


"Wait a minute! That's sounds somehow oddly familiar... didn't we cover the same subject in grade 9 and 10?"
"That's right Billy, and now we get to learn it AGAIN!!"
"Golly gee wilikers, what fun! I sure hope we get a whole bunch of redundant practice problems!
"197 of them, in fact!"
"HOOORRAYY ADVENTURE HO!!!!"

Ionic compounds
metal + non-metal (oppositely charged)
electrons from metal transfer to non-metal
Symbol: Criss cross apple sauce the charges, 1's need not write and simplify if possible

Ex.

Li¹⁺ + O^2---> Li₂O

Zr⁴⁺ + S^2- --> Zr₂S₄ --> ZrS₂

Name: write out metal name, then non-metal name but with "ide".
Ex.
calcium + chlorine ---> calcium chloride

Usually metals near the middle of the periodic table. In this case, include the number of the charge being used in a roman numeral.
Ni²⁺ + Br --> nickel (II) bromide
Ni³⁺ + Br --> nickel (III) bromide

Back in the day, they would use "ic" to represent 2+ and ous to represent 1+ charge. For charges higher than 2, "ic" would represent the higher one while "ous" the lower one.
Ex.
Cupric = 2+
Cuprous = 1+

A common ionic compound, NaCl, sodium chloride or better known as salt.

Covalent Compounds

Unlike ionic compounds, covalent compounds share electrons and combine non-metals with non-metals
Naming: Greek prefixes must be put in front of elements according to their charge.
1 - mono
2 - di
3 - tri
4 - tetra
5 - penta
6 - hexa
7 - hepta
8 - octa
9 - nona
10 - deca

Ex.
P₄O₃ --> tetraphosphorus trioxide
*Mono for the first element need not be written
CO₂ --> carbon dioxide

Diatomics: certain elements can combine with another of themselves
H₂ O₂ F₂ Br₂ I₂ N₂ Cl₂ Hofbrincl

Carbon dioxide can be found in our atmosphere. It is debatable whether it contributes to global warming.

Polyatomics
Groups of ions form together as one atom. Naming is simply writing the two compounds/elements involved
Symbol: When criss-crossing, brackets must be put if there is an existing subscript.
Ex.
Calcium Nitrite --> Ca²⁺ + PO₄^3- --> Ca₃(PO₄)₂


For the rest of the class we finished our lab reports.

The polyatomic citric acid (C₆H₈O₇₎ is used in orange juice