Chemical Bonding

What is chemical bonding? I would say that it is the bonding of chemicals. WHAT? REALLY? OMG REVELATION.

NOTEWORTHY:
only valence electrons involved b/c they want to make a full shell

In junior science, it was taught that there were only two forms of bonds. Ionic and Covalent. WRONG
THERE ARE TWO PLUS A SUB DIVISION OF ONE OF THEM. *GASP*

Ionic Bonds
electrons transfered ie. GIVE ME ALL YOUR ELECTRONS FOOL
Non-Polar Covalent Bonds
electrons are shared equally ie. SHARING IS CARING, LETS SHARE TOGETHER
Polar Covalent Bonds
electrons are shared unequally ie. MOM TOLD ME WE HAD TO SHARE SO TAKE THIS

How do bonds come to be? Electrostatic Force acts on subatomic particles. Like charges repel, opposites attract. Cool? cool.

Ionic Bonds
-electrons transferred from metal to non-metal
-metal forms positive ion(cation) bc loses electrons
-non-metal forms negative ion(anion) bc gains electrons

Ionic bond of Na and Cl to form NaCl

As we can see, the lone electron from Na is transferred to Cl. Both acquire full valence shells and become more stable. Since they both have charges opposite to each other after the reaction, they are then attracted to each other in a bond.

Electronegativity
This is how much atoms want to gain electrons. If we measure the electronegativity from two different atoms, we can determine what kind of bond they will form with the difference in absolute value.

enegdiff = Math.Abs(eneg1 - eneg2); if (enegdiff < 0.5){       bondtype = nonpolarcovalent; } if (enegdiff >0.5 && enegdiff< 1.8){       bondtype = polarcovalent; } if (enegdiff >1.8){       bondtype = ionic; }

Non-polar Covalent

electrons shared equally due to octet rule

bonds formed are IMPECCABLY STRONG

this would lead you to think that they have very high melting points but for some this is not the case

Molecules are held by Intermolecular forces, which are WEAK. During the boiling process, the bonds themselves may not give, but the weaker intermolecular forces will.

electrons equally shared in the centre

 Before we continue:

Polar ---> opposite charges on opposite sides of the bond

NonPolar ---> both sides equal in charge

Polar Covalent

One atom will have significantly more electronegativity than the other, therefore, electrons will spend time in one atom more than another. This will create poles on either side of the bond because one atom will be slightly more negative and the other slightly more positive.

If the atom has higher electronegativity ---> partial negative betw. 0 to -1

If the atom has lower electronegativity ---> partial positive betw. 0 to +1

for Ionic bond: higher electronegativity ---> atom forms cation

                       lower electronegativity ---> atom forms anion

Observe the above picture. The arrows represent which way the electrons are migrating due to the polarity

The little hook symbols represent the partial charge on either side of the polar bond. Dipole attraction refers to the attractive force between the negative end of one polar bond to the positive end of another polar bond.

Kthnxbye